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Ultra rich fuel oxidation of normal heptane, relevant to diesel engine auto-ignition, has been experimentally and numerically investigated in a jet-stirred reactor (JSR) under a wide range of conditions. These cover the low, the intermediate, and the high temperature oxidation regimes, from 550 to 1100K, under a pressure of 1.06bar, an equivalence ratio of 3, inlet fuel mole fractions of 0.001, and...
High-temperature corrosion in biomass fired boilers is still an insufficiently explored phenomenon which causes unscheduled plant shutdowns and hence, economical problems. To investigate the high-temperature corrosion and deposit formation behaviour of superheater tube bundles, online corrosion probe as well as deposit probe measurements have been carried out in a specially designed fixed bed/drop...
In a large coal-fired power plant, it is common for the multiple boilers to be of an identical design in order to reduce construction and operating costs. Despite the design and operating conditions being the same, the boilers often exhibit different combustion characteristics after being in operation for an extended period. Using computational fluid dynamics (CFD), this study diagnosed the combustion...
To utilize the coal direct liquefaction residue (DLR) and improve the tar yield and quality, experimental studies on co-pyrolysis of lignite and DLR were conducted with a fixed-bed reactor under atmospheric pressure in high purity nitrogen. In-situ micro-Raman experiments, Soxhlet extraction, scanning electron microscope, and X-ray energy spectra analysis were also performed to explore the interaction...
Even though biodiesel fuels are renewable and have less toxic emission profiles, the most prominent drawback of usage biodiesel in diesel engines is higher NOx compared to petroleum based diesel fuel. However, application of the steam injection technique into diesel engines increases engine performance and reduces NOx emissions. In the present study, the effects of bio fuel combustion with steam injection...
Swine wastewater was separated into a solid fraction and a liquid fraction in a biogas plant using a separator with hydraulic wedge-shaped sieve. The liquid fraction (separated slurry) was further separated into concentrated slurry and dilute liquid by gravity sedimentation in the laboratory. Components and methane production of the solid fraction accounted for about 15% of those of the raw wastewater...
Coke oven battery is one of the main sources of fugitive total suspend particles (TSP) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in coke plants. In this study the content of selected PAHs associated with the TSP in the immediate vicinity of the coke oven battery Radlin (Poland) was investigated. TSP collection places were located on battery wall, battery roof, pusher machine and coal transfer car...
Direct and indirect plasma oxidation of NO x was tested in a medium-scale test-bench at gas flows of 50slm (3m 3 /h). For direct plasma oxidation the synthetic flue gas was directed through a stacked DBD reactor. For indirect plasma oxidation, a DBD reactor was used to generate ozone from pure O 2 and the plasma treated gas including ozone was mixed with flue gas at the entrance...
The microwave-induced pyrolysis of low-density polyethylene (a model of waste plastics) toward its conversion into biofuels was investigated using ZSM-5 as a catalyst, generating significant amounts of gasoline-range hydrocarbons. A central composite experimental design (CCD) was done to investigate the effects of catalytic temperature and reactant to catalyst ratio on the pyrolysis-oils composition...
In the present work, two types of Castor biodiesel were synthesized by using the pyrolysis process. The first was obtained through pyrolysis of raw Castor oil with no-catalyst, while the second was synthesized in the presence of anhydrous sodium sulphate as a catalyst. Such two types were termed as Castor bio-diesel number 1 (BD1) and Castor bio-diesel number 2 (BD2) with yield of 55% and 52% respectively...
The effect of Ru on co-impregnated NiRu-supported hierarchical Beta zeolite (NiRu/h-Beta) and Ru/h-Beta as catalysts in the hydroreforming of the oil obtained by LDPE thermal cracking has been investigated, determining the thermal stability of the metal particles after two reaction-regeneration cycles. The formation of Ni–Ru particles on the fresh catalysts has been evidenced by XRD, H 2 -TPR...
Further improving the emission performance of a Lean Premixed Prevaporized (LPP) combustor is a hot topic for gas turbine research. An in-depth understanding of the combustion characteristics is therefore highly desirable. In this paper, the flow fields and fuel spay characteristics in a LPP combustor are experimentally studied by using Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV). The effects of the fuel allocation...
In this work, the CO 2 absorption performance of aqueous 1-dimethylamino-2-propanol (1DMA2P) was comprehensively investigated in terms of CO 2 equilibrium solubility, CO 2 absorption rate, CO 2 absorption heat, and mass transfer efficiency. The CO 2 equilibrium solubility in 2M 1DMA2P was measured over the temperature range of 298–333K and CO 2 partial...
In recent years, Methyl-cyclopentadienyl Manganese Tricarbonyl (MMT) has been widely used as a gasoline additive to improve the octane rating and antiknock of the fuel. Meanwhile, particulate emissions from the gasoline direct injection (GDI) engine have become a subject of concern. This study is aimed to investigate the impact of fuel (ultralow sulfur gasoline with the additive MMT) on the combustion...
Nowadays numerical simulations of premixed turbulent combustion can be performed at high spatial resolutions due to the continuously increasing computational power. At a resolution of the order of the laminar flame thickness there is negligible turbulence in the subgrid level and a proper reconstruction of the filtered flame is adequate for accurate predictions. In this scenario, which can be termed...
An anaerobic, thermophilic microbial viscosity reducing consortium TERIB#90 was isolated from formation fluid of an oil reservoir located in India. It was able to reduce 98% viscosity of crude oil (665 to 10cP) at 70°C on the 30th day of incubation. Sequence analysis of the clones obtained from 16S rDNA clonal library showed affiliations with the genus Moorella sp. CF4 ranging from 94% to 97% identity...
Lipids of the microalgae Botryococcus braunii and Nannochloropsis gaditana were used in a novel whole cell three-phase bioreactor (WCTB) using Rhizopus oryzae as biocatalyst for biodiesel (fatty acid alkyl esters, FAAE) production. The effects varying running conditions (the microalgae lipid, type of acyl acceptor, temperature, nutrient availability, alcohol to lipid ratio, and agar surface area exposed...
Torrefaction of oil palm kernel shell (PKS), one of the biomass residues from the palm oil industry, was carried out in a fixed-bed tubular reactor in the presence of oxygen and carbon dioxide at concentrations ranging from 0 to 15vol.% (nitrogen balance). The effects of oxygen and carbon dioxide concentrations (0, 3, 9, 12, and 15vol.%), temperature (493, 523, and 573K) and biomass size (0.375mm...
Landfill gas (LFG) could be upgraded to bio-methane when CO 2 and other harmful minor components are removed. Catalytic oxidation of CH 4 is an effective deoxygen method for upgrading LFG as an alternative for natural gas or a vehicle fuel to meet the requirement of O 2 content limitation. The durability of the deoxygen catalyst is an important factor that needs to be studied...
During initial drawdown in coal bed methane (CBM) production, the coal permeability declines due to partial fracture closure. The recently proposed technique for stimulation of natural coal fractures and cleats by the graded proppant injection targets a uniform cleat filling by the proppant. It provides maximum opening and conductivity during pressure depletion. The technique for graded particle injection...
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